Compared to people with normal weight, obese individuals frequently show some dysfunction in learning, memory, and other executive functions. Notably, while learning can be assessed, it is difficult to quantify emotions (AyazAlkaya, 2018; Nieh et al., 2013). Notably, sleep deprivation increases the risk of obesity (Beccuti and Pannain, 2011) and sleep helps evade obesity (Pearson, 2006). Take the Sleep Quiz to help inform your sleep improvement journey. Medical students tend to show poor sleep quality and quantity. Reaction times off, Varsity tennis players, male and female, who increased their sleep to at least nine hours a week also performed better. Occasional interruptions to sleep can be a nuisance, while an ongoing lack of quality sleep can affect a person's performance at work or school, their ability to function day to day, their . Aging is associated with decreased neurogenesis and structural changes in the hippocampus amongst other neurophysiological effects. Furthermore, many work 12-hour shifts and often have to work overtime to complete all the tasks. Your daily habits and environment can significantly impact the quality of your sleep. National Library of Medicine, Biotech Information https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(89)90141-8, Gonzlez-Orozco JC, Camacho-Arroyo I (2019) Progesterone actions during central nervous system development. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3223(93)90175-d, Woodrow SI, Park J, Murray BJ, Wang C, Bernstein M, Reznick RK, Hamstra SJ (2008) Differences in the perceived impact of sleep deprivation among surgical and non-surgical residents. The model considers the apparently unexpected data that negative emotions may stimulate learning. https://doi.org/10.1038/443261a, Perez-Chada D, Perez-Lloret S, Videla AJ, Cardinali D, Bergna MA, Fernndez-Acquier M, Larrateguy L, Zabert GE, Drake C (2007) Sleep disordered breathing and daytime sleepiness are associated with poor academic performance in teenagers. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01951, Article Front Neurol 10:595. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2019.00595, Bartlett DJ, Biggs SN, Armstrong SM (2013) Circadian rhythm disorders among adolescents: assessment and treatment options. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa062, Msetfi RM, Murphy RA, Kornbrot DE (2012) Dysphoric mood states are related to sensitivity to temporal changes in contingency. Sleep Med 37:8897. Cogn Emotion 25(2):265279. In children, daytime nap facilitates generalisation of word meanings (Horvth et al., 2016) and explicit memory consolidation but not implicit perceptual learning (Giganti et al., 2014). Academic performance and cognitive activities like learning are influenced by sleep and mood or emotion. PLoS ONE 14(10):e0222768. CAS Sleep Med 16(8):987993. However, which negative emotions these would be, their intensities and their corresponding level of learning are not known, and so these are not shown in the figure. How Sleep (Or The Lack Of It) Affects Your Work Performance First, it impairs attention, alertness, concentration, reasoning, and problem solving. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 4(6):10571064. This is why you can be a bit cranky or on edge after a bad night's sleep. . (2011). https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JGP.0000249385.50101.67, Francis HM, Stevenson RJ, Chambers JR, Gupta D, Newey B, Lim CK (2019) A brief diet intervention can reduce symptoms of depression in young adultsa randomised controlled trial. Sleep deprivation is a term used loosely to describe a lack of . Merck Manual Alexa Fry is a science writer with experience working for the National Cancer Institute. Front Public Health 9:619429. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.619429, Zhu B, Vincent C, Kapella MC, Quinn L, Collins EG, Ruggiero L, Park C, Fritschi C (2018) Sleep disturbance in people with diabetes: a concept analysis. Thus, negative emotions can allow, and at times, stimulate or facilitate learning (Figs. Drago, V., Foster, P. S., Heilman, K. M., Aric, D., Williamson, J., Montagna, P., & Ferri, R. (2011). These show hypothetical mathematical scales of learning and emotion where emotions are placed on a scale of learning, and learning is placed on the scale of emotions, respectively. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Antioxidants 8(9). Thus, disrupted sleep acts as a diagnostic factor for mood disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder, major depression and anxiety (Walker et al., 2020). https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12180, Hays JC, Blazer DG, Foley DJ (1996) Risk of napping: excessive daytime sleepiness and mortality in an older community population. Sci Rep 7(1):3216. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-03171-4, Popkin BM, DAnci KE, Rosenberg IH (2010) Water, hydration and health. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2017.07.001, LaGrotte C, Fernandez-Mendoza J, Calhoun SL, Liao D, Bixler EO, Vgontzas AN (2005) (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2019.04.003, Sundstrm Poromaa I, Gingnell M (2014) Menstrual cycle influence on cognitive function and emotion processing-from a reproductive perspective. PubMed Nat Commun 8:15405. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15405, Fenn KM, Nusbaum HC, Margoliash D (2003) Consolidation during sleep of perceptual learning of spoken language. PLoS ONE 8(3):e59832. and create a personalized sleep profile that includes sleep-improving products and education curated just In the context of sleep, studies could be conducted that first establish standardised means of measuring sleep quality and then measure sleep quality and quantity simultaneously in individuals of different ages groups, sex, and professions. Pictorial models that hypothesise learning on an emotion scale and vice-versa have been proposed. For both athletes and non-athletes, sleep is essential for overall health and wellbeing. Rand Health Q 6(4):11, PubMed Sleep is fundamental to health for children of all ages, including adolescents; however, sleeping problems and their effects on school performance can change based on age. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2923.2007.02963.x, Worthy DA, Byrne KA, Fields S (2014) Effects of emotion on prospection during decision-making. If material is not included in the articles Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Trusted Source It shows inequality and differences between the impacts of high arousal positive and high arousal negative emotions. In actuality, the scaling and intensities of emotions on the negative and positive sides of the scale may not be equal, particularly in reference to the position of optimal learning on the scale. Water is a critical nutrient accounting for about 3/4th of the brain mass (N. Zhang et al., 2019). Whether there is real resistance to sleep deprivation amongst such professional groups or a misconception requires investigation. 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October 28, 2021 / Sleep Does a Bad Night's Sleep Affect Your Health? napping after a night of inadequate sleep, National Center for Biotechnology Information, Best Anti-Snoring Mouthpieces & Mouthguards. This was distinct from humanistic/linguistic subjects in which no correlation with chronotype was observed (Zerbini et al., 2017). Tell us about your sleep by taking this brief quiz. Struggling to stay awake uses mental energy, making it more difficult to stay focused on long tasks and those that require concentration. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 16(6), 413418. Acta Physiol Hung. Learning is affected by various other factors that may alter, exacerbate, or surpass the influence of sleep on learning (Fig. (2016). To support optimal health, experts recommend that adults get seven or more hours of sleep per night.1 However, recent estimates suggest about one-third of adults do not get enough sleep,2 which can prevent employees from meeting their health and productivity goals and create safety risks at work in the following ways: Specifically, in depressed individuals, morning naps caused a higher propensity of relapse into depression than afternoon naps, thereby proposing the involvement of circadian rhythm in this process. The National Center for Biotechnology Information advances science and health by providing access to biomedical and genomic information. Insomnia reflects regularly experienced sleeping problems. (2020a, October 7). Sleep helps everyone to retain and consolidate memories. Feeling tiredness in the morning despite a full night of sleep. Standard sleep guidelines are appropriate. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021902, Suardiaz-Muro M, Morante-Ruiz M, Ortega-Moreno M, Ruiz MA, Martn-Plasencia P, Vela-Bueno A (2020) [Sleep and academic performance in university students: a systematic review]. Study on the effect of age on mood and emotion regulation in adults aged 2070 years showed that older participants had a higher tendency to use cognitive reappraisal while reducing negative mood and enhancing positive mood. Sleep is a biologic process that is essential for life and optimal health. Sleep deprivation and daytime sleepiness amongst adolescents and college students cause mood deficits, negatively affect their mood and learning, and lead to poor academic performance (Hershner and Chervin, 2014; Short and Louca, 2015). This review discusses the roles of sleep and mood/emotion in learning and academic performance. Patients with major depressive disorder have scored lower on working and verbal memory, motor speed and attention than healthy participants (Hidese et al., 2018). Sleep is certainly no exception! PubMedGoogle Scholar. Healthy Dietan overview|ScienceDirect Topics (n.d.) https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/healthy-diet. Positive emotions such as hope, joy and pride positively correlate with students academic interest, effort and achievement (Valiente et al., 2012) and portend a flexible brain network that facilitates cognitive flexibility and learning (Betzel et al., 2017). A great number of concerns can arise when athletes do not receive adequate sleep: Evidence shows that more sleep, or extended sleep, can benefit athletes, their recovery, and their performance. JAMA 288(9):11161124. Trusted Source Sleep deprivation in surgical residents tends to decrease procedural skills, while in non-surgical residents it diminishes interpretational ability and performance (Veasey et al., 2002). In patients with affirmed depression, shorter naps were found to be more detrimental than longer naps (Wiegand et al., 1993), whereas, in the elderly, more and longer naps were associated with increased risk of mortality amongst the cognitively impaired individuals (Hays et al., 1996). https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsx035, Scully T (2013) Sleep. Sleep and school attendance in adolescence: results from a large population-based study. BMC Public Health 18(1):759. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5629-9, Livermore M, Duncan MJ, Leatherdale ST, Patte KA (2020) Are weight status and weight perception associated with academic performance among youth? The menstrual cycle in females shows alterations in oestrogen and progesterone levels and is broadly divided into early follicular, mid ovulation and late luteal phase. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2020.01.040, Pearson H (2006) Medicine: sleep it off. Trusted Source Sleeping after learning acquisition regardless of the time of the day is thought to be beneficial for memory consolidation and performance (Hagewoud et al., 2010). https://doi.org/10.2147/NSS.S62907, Hidese S, Ota M, Matsuo J, Ishida I, Hiraishi M, Yoshida S, Noda T, Sato N, Teraishi T, Hattori K, Kunugi H (2018) Association of obesity with cognitive function and brain structure in patients with major depressive disorder. You may have trouble making decisions, solving problems, remembering things, managing your emotions and behavior, and coping with change. This means athletes may experience fatigue or the inability to perform their best. Individuals who demonstrate depression show altered circadian rhythm and disturbances in sleep (Fig. 1). Evening chronotypes and those with poor sleep quality were more likely to report poor academic performance via association with depression. It can affect an individual's image in an organization and their growth. (2018), the negative mood is referred to as negative emotional induction, as was achieved by watching six horror films by the subjects in that study. Sleeping and dreaming activate emotional and reward systems that help process information, and consolidate memory with high emotional or motivational value. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-020-0694-0, Wang X, Chen H, Liu L, Liu Y, Zhang N, Sun Z, Lou Q, Ge W, Hu B, Li M (2020) Anxiety and sleep problems of college students during the outbreak of COVID-19. Registering and logging into your profile! It is believed that the low-oestrogen-low-progesterone early follicular phase relates to better spatial abilities and male favouring cognitive abilities, whereas the high-oestrogen-high-progesterone late follicular or mid-luteal phases relate to verbal fluency, memory and other female favouring cognitive abilities (Sundstrm Poromaa and Gingnell, 2014). https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.13018, Bahammam AS, Alaseem AM, Alzakri AA, Almeneessier AS, Sharif MM (2012) The relationship between sleep and wake habits and academic performance in medical students: a cross-sectional study. (2011). Google Scholar, Alger SE, Lau H, Fishbein W (2010) Delayed onset of a daytime nap facilitates retention of declarative memory. Sleep Med Rev 18(1):7587. Most experts advise that both children and adults stop using devices for an hour or more before bed, and if possible, the devices should be kept out of arms reach when in bed or out of the bedroom entirely. Sleep encourages insightful behaviour (Wagner et al., 2004) and regulates mood (Vandekerckhove and Wang, 2017). Trusted Source Obesity has been shown to be a predictor of depression and the two are linked via psychobiological mechanisms (LaGrotte et al., 2016). View Source The NHLBI is the nation's leader in the prevention and treatment of heart, lung, blood and sleep disorders. The following section discusses both sex and gender in context, as addressed within the cited studies. Women have a lower rate of serotonin synthesis and are more susceptible to such dysfunctions than men (Hiroi et al., 2016; Nishizawa et al., 1997), implying a greater impact of serotonin reduction on cognitive functions in women than in men. https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.5000, Assaad S, Costanian C, Haddad G, Tannous F (2014) Sleep patterns and disorders among university students in Lebanon. While it is not recommended for some sleepers, such as those with insomnia, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2276125/, Perogamvros L, Dang-Vu TT, Desseilles M, Schwartz S (2013) Sleep and dreaming are for important matters. Interestingly, a study involving university students showed the significance of short-wavelength light, specifically, blue-enriched LED light in reducing melatonin levels [best circadian marker rhythm (Arendt, 2019)], and improved the perception of mood and alertness (Choi et al., 2019). Based on your answers, we will calculate your free Such effects of sleep deprivation are obvious because it can impair procedural and declarative learning (Curcio et al., 2006; Kurniawan et al., 2016), decrease alertness (Alexandre et al., 2017), and impair memory consolidation (Hagewoud et al., 2010), attention and decision making (Alhola and Polo-Kantola, 2007). The American Psychological Association defines self-perception as persons view of his or herself or of any of the mental or physical attributes that constitute the self. Cogn Emotion 21(3):614645. These internal links are intended to improve ease of navigation across the site, and are never used as original sources for scientific data or information. Causes and consequences of sleepiness among college students A Profile With This Email Address Already Exists! View Source Emotions have been shown on a hypothetical learning scale. In turn, mood affects sleep quality. Therefore, this effect is significantly smaller than the reverse (Triantafillou et al., 2019). CAS a Usually, positive and negative emotions are perceived to match with optimal and poor learning, respectively. study of Norwegian chess players Sleep and mood influence cognitive functions and thereby affect academic performance. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC24674/, Norman KA (2006) Declarative memory: sleep protects new memories from interference. In university students aged 1825 years, poor sleep quality has been strongly associated with daytime dysfunctionality (Assaad et al., 2014). In: Gellman MD, Turner JR (eds) Encyclopedia of behavioral medicine. Without sleep, the pathways in the brain that allow you to learn and make memories cant be Springer, pp. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229329, Huang Q, Liu H, Suzuki K, Ma S, Liu C (2019) Linking what we eat to our mood: a review of diet, dietary antioxidants, and depression. 2b and 3). The impact of sleep on employee performance | Deloitte Insights A lack of sleep has a direct, negative impact on a person's body, mind, and spirit, also affecting emotions, temperament, and self-control. https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.964, Gerstner JR, Yin JCP (2010) Circadian rhythms and memory formation. National Library of Medicine, Biotech Information Nature 427(6972):352355. Likewise, not the positive emotion but negative emotion has been shown to influence the learning outcomes, and it increased the efficiency and precision of learning morphosyntactic instructions involving morphology and syntax of a foreign language (X. Liu et al., 2018). Trusted Source Cyclic alternating pattern in sleep and its relationship to creativity. Front Neurosci 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2018.01025, Dewald JF, Meijer AM, Oort FJ, Kerkhof GA, Bgels SM (2010) The influence of sleep quality, sleep duration and sleepiness on school performance in children and adolescents: a meta-analytic review. A brief 5-hour period of sleep deprivation interferes with cAMP signalling in the hippocampus and impairs its function (Vecsey et al., 2009).
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