Not just C, what about H (1 electron) , S, P and many metals. $$\ce{\overset{\color{orange}{-3}}{C}_2\overset{+1}{H}_6 Did the answer get downvote cause of the poster didnt explain anything? What happens when atoms gain or lose electrons? What should be included in error messages? GDPR: Can a city request deletion of all personal data that uses a certain domain for logins? b) Atoms/ions are stable when the s and p sublevels of the valence shell is full. Your centering around eight electrons being stable. I mean why not 7 or 5 or 10 electrons? Aside from your first paragraph, most of this doesn't really contribute to answering the question. The IUPAC gold book defines it as follows:. The relative stability of atoms against ionization allows stable molecules to exist. physics.stackexchange.com/questions/47253/, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_transfer, Starting the Prompt Design Site: A New Home in our Stack Exchange Neighborhood, Statement from SO: June 5, 2023 Moderator Action. Do native English speakers regard bawl as an easy word? It is perfectly possible that at any given moment some atom might lose an electron and another one picks it up, but again we must come back to what nature tells us. What is poor man and the rich man declamation about? How to describe a scene that a small creature chop a large creature's head off? I hope this answers your question. Ut enim ad minim. Other than heat. @rob : so it is not just "removing neutrons". Its just that if we lived in a place where proton transfer was common, we would have a very different perspective on chemistry. What happens when atoms gain or lose electrons? Question : Why energy is released when an electron is added to a neutral atom? Can we see pic of female inserting a tampon? Starting the Prompt Design Site: A New Home in our Stack Exchange Neighborhood, Physics.SE remains a site by humans, for humans. While I agree that this is not helpful, I do not agree, that it formally does not qualify as an answer. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.org. I know that an object can become net negative or net positive by losing or gaining electrons, and having more or fewer protons than electrons but why can't protons be transferred too? Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Why specifically 8? I have surfed all of the net but could never find the answer to this question. Consider a tall tower with improper supports. When an electron is added to an atom, the energy change is exothermic because of the attraction of the electron to the nucleus. Metal atoms lose electrons to nonmetal atoms because metals typically have relatively low ionization energies. determine their motion (rotational, vibrational, translational). The atoms tend to move to the state of octet completion. If it gains a negative electron, it becomes a negative ion. As its currently written, your answer is unclear. @Adi I'm assuming means a low energy state. You are looking for what we, in philosophy, call a "justification" for an idea. I mean why not 7 or 5 or 10 electrons? But when it occupies a definite energy level in the atom, the energy of the system reduces. You might want to add that protons are about 2000 times more massive, and thus harder to move, than electrons. There are parts of the universe where its hot enough for easy proton-transfer reactions, just like there are parts of the universe where its too cold for chemistry; we just dont live there. Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\) is a graphical depiction of this process. What is the oxidizing agent for Fe in the following redox reaction? Respectfully, @BlackThorn, the answer is that proton transfer takes more energy than electron transfer. protons. rev2023.6.29.43520. Atoms generally do not need 8 electrons to stabilize. disconnect the battery), and the electrons stop moving through the circuit. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. I've been in this situation before. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. Is this Wingspan Enough/Necessary for My World's Parameters? Thanks for contributing an answer to Physics Stack Exchange! The Octet Rule. Why Are Atoms With 8 Valence Electrons So Stable? - Science ABC Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. What is purpose of backup-power-connectors on 826701-B21 (Riser Card)? - No. The world of bonding is not strictly ionic or covalent; it is often somewhere in between. Last updated Jan 29, 2023 Covalent Bonding Covalent Bonds vs Ionic Bonds Covalent bonding occurs when pairs of electrons are shared by atoms. Other elements also seek stability, which governs their reactivity and bonding behavior. My 2 cents: as noted by others, the stability is really only there for n = 1, 2 and 3, beyond that the situation becomes complicated (and He has only 2 electrons, so really we are only talking about neon and argon). All oxidations meet criteria 1 and 2, and many meet criterion 3, but this is not always easy to demonstrate. Atoms will gain, share, or lose electrons until they have a stable 8 valence electrons in their. reduction. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? The complete transfer of one or more electrons to a molecular entity (also called 'electronation'), and, more generally, the reverse of the processes described under oxidation (2) and (3).. oxidation What is the SI unit of acceleration Class 9? Where in the Andean Road System was this picture taken? Hope this helps :) Answer link. Does a constant Radon-Nikodym derivative imply the measures are multiples of each other? Atoms tend to stabilize when they form chemical bonds, releasing energy in the process. In this case, the ion has the same outermost shell as the original atom, but now that shell has eight electrons in it. Real answer is - for many organic chemistry-relevant atoms, a shell with 8 electrons is by far the one with low energy state if one performs the quantum mechanical calculations. Because an electron is a quantum object with wave-like properties, it must always be vibrating at some frequency. How can you tell is a firm is incorporated? How is this "adding protons or removing neutrons"? How many times did joe biden flunk the bar exam? Is it legal to bill a company that made contact for a business proposal, then withdrew based on their policies that existed when they made contact? Can the supreme court decision to abolish affirmative action be reversed at any time? If an atom loses electrons, its overall charge becomes positive. When these atoms gain electrons, they acquire a negative charge because they now possess more electrons than protons. Perhaps someone will be up to the task. When an atom gains or loses one or more electrons it What was the date of sameul de champlians marriage? This makes the non-metals to gain electrons. The Octet Rule Explanation in Chemistry - ThoughtCo - This is already answered - different electron configurations have different stability. Electrons in atoms, like all objects on a small scale, show quantum properties which cannot be pictured in any familiar way. What does it mean to call a minor party a spoiled? So then, what it means for a system to be "energetically satisfied" is that all these things have found some kind of balance. The Octet Rule is a chemical rule that atoms of main-group elements tend. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. They compose the far-right section of the periodic table and . I think the most important thing here is to point out some details which I don't believe get emphasized enough in chemistry classes, and yet are extremely important in approaching questions like this. Some of the spallation products are free neutrons, which thermalize and behave like a (very tenuous) component of Earths atmosphere. don't understand what the Krebs cycle has to do with at, its even a pain just to look at :) I've worked on electron transfer extensively and thinking of electron donors and acceptors is by far the easiest way of dealing with these reactions, also you get $\Delta G$ directly as donor-acceptor redox. An atom changes from a ground state to an excited state by taking on energy from its surroundings in a process called absorption. ; Negative Ion - Occurs when an atom gains an electron (negative charge) it will have more electrons than protons. Question : Why energy is released when an electron is added to a neutral atom? What is its electron configuration? It's important to remember that only discrete energy levels exist. That being said, it is not impossible as you can see form other answers (by @rob and @redgiant), to like in your example to remove or add a proton to an atom, it is just that we happen to live in a universe where QM is the underlying theory and energetically favorable QM processes occur more likely. So do each of its three quarks. It is clear you have already refuted the justification of "we've done this experiment millions of times, and here's what we've seen," so you are asking for an even better justification than that. Do they have to give members warning before they bar you? Particles on Earth move mostly because of heat. Some kind of equilibrium has been established. But that doesn't seem right as oxygens also have electrons and gaining oxygens is oxidation. Love this: "Its just that if we lived in a place where proton transfer was common, we would have a very different perspective on chemistry." How co2 is dissolve in cold drink and why? Are you allowed to carry food into indira gandhi stadium? Chemical systems are dynamic. [1] If you follow the electronegativity scheme of assigning oxidation states, then adding a hydrogen atom (one proton and one electron) results in an decrease of the oxidation number of the element that the hydrogen atom was added to. -> \overset{\color{orange}{-1}}{C}_2\overset{+1}{H}_6\overset{-2}{O}_2}$$ 1960s? - orthocresol Jul 4, 2016 at 16:14 Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Why is energy released when bonds are formed? The electrical energy that is delivered is the result of the electrons moving through the circuit. 4.7: Ions- Losing and Gaining Electrons is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts. The electrons from one atom are shown as dots, and the electrons from the other atom are shown as . Most nonmetals become anions when they make ionic compounds. It is "why aren't protons easily transferred? When an atom achieves 8 electrons, there's no more electrons for it to gain or lose (IE if it was less than 8 it would have to gain additional electrons from some other material, and more than 8, it could lose some - essentially a reaction would occur). It's almost as if nature is probing these five, seven, and ten electrons states which you suggest, but simply does not stay there because that is not the way the world works. Most metals become cations when they make ionic compounds. So if you find an object made of carbon, you can measure the ratio of carbon-14 versus carbon-12 and learn whether that carbon was recently distilled from the atmosphere. Find sodium (Na) in the Figure below. If proton ($\ce{H^+}$) accepts electron they form hydrogen and release $13.6~\rm eV$ of energy (photon). Thus, the electron shells of an atom are populated from the inside out, with electrons filling up the low-energy shells closer to the nucleus before they move into the higher-energy shells further out. Why did jeff dunham and paige get divorced? That is because, in simplistic terms, it transfers electrons between sodium and water. Is there and science or consensus or theory about whether a black or a white visor is better for cycling? Why does the present continuous form of "mimic" become "mimicking"? In the case of metals, their atoms will have the outer most shells filled with very less number of electrons and hence metals tend . Perhaps its easier to understand reduction and oxidation by defining what happens as (a) an, @porphyrin Yeah, until we move on to study the. Electron transfer produces reactions: Why can protons and neutrons be close together in a nucleus despite the uncertainty principle? It has two in the first shell and four in the second shell. That means that the orbitals in question are: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s and 3p. Why would a god stop using an avatar's body? Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Ions form when., Which electrons do atoms gain/lose to form ions?, Why do atoms gain/lose electrons? The electron can gain the energy it needs by absorbing light. Physics and chemistry are simply the act of doing experiments and explaining those observations. Why do atoms release energy when they gain an electron? Any material has a temperature, which is related to the energy of the atoms and molecules that make it up.
Town Of Galway Tax Bills,
Wyoming Mule Deer Hunts Under 3 000 Dollars,
Deerwood The Standard,
Palmetto Seafood York, Sc Menu,
Vulcan Xc-72 Datasheet,
Articles W
