The term "fidgety" is familiar to most of us from our own childhood. 10. Only participants in the drug therapy group received medication. Likewise, there was no statistically significant difference between the meditation therapy group and the standard therapy group on the teacher rating ADHD scale (MD 0.52, 95% CI 5.88 to 4.84, 17 patients). There were 7 excluded studies. Different followup periods: at the end of trial, any specified period after trial, repeated followup measures. Blinding of participants, personnel, outcome assessors. The yoga program consisted of multiple components (respiratory, postural, relaxation concentration training). It is noted that Asana yoga (yoga of posture) and Tai Chi are also considered to be dynamic aspects of concentrative meditation. This design cannot therefore be described as crossover. Grosswald (reported in Micucci 2005) conducted a study in April 2004 at Chelsea School in Silver Spring, Maryland, a private school for children with learning disabilities. Vandermeer B, We searched LILACS through the Virtual Health Library (VHL) in BIREME: Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), which incorporates many bibliographic databases in general health science (LILACS, MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, SciELO), specialized areas (ADOLEC, BBO, BDENF, DESASTRES, HISA, HOMEOINDEX, LEYES, MEDCARIB, REPIDISCA) and international agencies (PAHO, WHOLIS). In a Cochrane Review the quality of evidence reflects the extent to which we are confident that an estimate of the effect is correct. Meditation therapy compared to standard treatment without drug for attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder. The intervention program ranged from four weeks (Kratter 1983; MorettiAltuna 1987), to eight weeks (Haffner 2006) to 20 weeks (Jensen 2004). We contacted religious/spiritual organizations around the world (internet web sites were extensively searched) to find out whether they had conducted or knew of the application of meditation in ADHD. Two authors extracted data independently using a predesigned data extraction form. Sullivan K, AManual for Teaching Yoga to Children. To eliminate the carryover effect in Haffner 2006 only the data from the first phase of trial were extracted and put into the comparison for metaanalysis. Quantitative laboratory assessment measures of ADHD symptoms, psychological testing etc. Physical activities enable such children to build focus and [] ADHD Test (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Syndrome) - MantraCare The objective of this review was to assess the efficacy of this treatment. That's when it becomes clearer that a child is hyperactive. Astro Remedies For Child Behaviour - Astro Helpline Bias in metaanalysis detected by a simple, graphical test, Transcendental meditation, altered reality testing, and behavioural change: a case report, Test of Variables of Attention: clinical guide, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder across the lifespan: the child, adolescent, and adult, Development, reliability, and validity of the children's aggression scaleparent version. The study provided both endpoint scores with standard deviations (SD) and change scores with SD for each outcome after four weeks of treatment. The method of allocation concealment was not reported in any trial but because Haffner 2006 used the drawing of lots we have assumed that allocation concealment automatically occurred because the sequence cannot be known in advance. If adjusted estimates of mean differences are presented from multiple regression analyses and analyses of covariance, the process of data extraction and analysis using the generic inverse variance method will be performed. Mantra for Hyperactive Children || Mantrabalam || Archana - YouTube Hyperactive children want and need to move around. Meditation therapy versus drug therapy (skewed data) (MorettiAltuna 1987). Even during phase one (before crossing over) participants in both intervention arms might have some expectations of the treatment effects of the next intervention. The study author was contacted and completeness of outcome reporting was confirmed. How to Handle a Hyperactive Child - YouTube Channelizing energy: Find ways to vent out their energy and soothe their minds. In studies with multiple treatment groups, we will carry out the analysis for each pair between meditation and other treatments. The reliability and validity of the Oppositional Defiant Behavior Inventory. Different meditation techniques have different recommended practices for children, e.g. It makes children unable to concentrate on their work and other tasks as well. The graphical risk of bias presentations (Figure 1; Figure 2) show the serious limitations in design (high risk of bias) in the included studies overall. Data for the side effects of meditation and quality of life were not reported in any trials. Posner M, There is insufficient evidence to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of any types of meditation for attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We excluded studies where meditation therapy was not a wellorganized program (i.e. For data with finite limits, such as endpoint data, the observed mean minus the lowest possible value (or the highest possible value minus the observed mean), and dividing by the standard deviation. Zylowska L, However, due to the complexity of bodymind interaction, and the concept of holistic approach, it is hard to differentiate body and mind and each meditation technique usually incorporates both components together. Yoga as an intervention for children with attention problems. We will analyze data for continuous outcomes in RevMan 5.0 using either mean differences (MD) or standardized mean differences (SMD) if continuous outcomes are measured with similar, but not identical, instruments across studies. We carried out a search of conference proceedings at ISI Proceedings from 1990 to January 2010 and searched for relevant studies cited in book chapters on the treatment of ADHD. We will carry out a test for homogeneity and calculate the I2statistic, which provides an estimate of the percentage of variability due to heterogeneity, using Review Manager 5.0 (RevMan 2008). McKay KE, There are six domains as follows: Was the allocation sequence adequately generated? Iwasaka H, Break up large tasks into manageable steps. Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital , Thailand, Child Psychiatric Unit, Department of Pediatrics, BangkokThailand. Associacion de Medicinas Complementarias (AMC), the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM), Sat Bir Sinah Khalas). There were only two studies from which the data were appropriate for metaanalysis. Shaffer D, Haffner J, Guinta D, Quote: "boys who were randomly allocated to the control group in the first allocation". ", Quote: "On the Actigraph motion logger, many technical problems were encountered Due to these problems, data were deemed unreliable and were discarded. Multicomponent intervention: drugs, counseling, biofeedback, parent training, psychotherapy, family therapy, etc. Comment: cointervention more boys in the yoga group received medication (5 of 9) than the exercise group (3 of 11). The study is downgraded from RCT to only a beforeafter design when the study authors pooled all data together. CW: screening the potential included studies. The authors concluded that meditation showed some benefit and warrants further study for both children and adults. March JS, Hyperactive ADHD: Meaning, Signs, Effects And Treatment - MantraCare Meditation therapy research protocols need to be rigorous in design and delivery, and use standardized meditation therapy programs which can be replicated by other researchers. Psychometric and neuropsychological measures were used to assess . What is Hyperactivity in a Child | Discover Brillia Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand. Cohen MJ, Powerful Mantra To Awaken Your Intuitive Wisdom - Motherhood Community Wigal SB, Fouts H, Comment: all outcomes were reported as mentioned in the method section, 23 boys, age range 6 to 10 years, 5 black, 5 white, 13 Hispanic, 1) Drug therapy (DT): medication + conventional treatment, Quote: "Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three conditions", Comment: all outcome were reported as mentioned in the methods section, Beforeafter design in 2 sequential groups, no true control group, Duplicate publication, less detailed than, Breathing meditation with methylphenidate for the treatment of attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder children: a randomized controlled trial, Breathing meditation versus standard treatment control, 1. The CISCOM database of The Research Council for Complementary Medicine was closed, therefore we searched other complementary and alternative medicine databases, i.e. We also excluded one duplicate report (Kratter 1982). Kristeller J, Moreover, the analysis table did not give the number of participants left in each group, therefore the data were not used in metaanalysis but are shown in Table 5. Schnell C, Comment: the outcomes were reported as mentioned in the methods section. Fusella J, In one trial (Jensen 2004) the process of randomization was terminated when five participants from the control group were allowed to move to the treatment group after 20 weeks. The data analysis will seek to answer the following questions. Jensen et al conducted a randomized controlled trial of the effect of yoga on boys with ADHD (n = 11) (Jensen 2004). In MorettiAltuna 1987 there was no mention of the number of enrolled participants at the beginning of the trial. We then assessed the risk of bias for an outcome across studies using the GRADE system. Only the blinding of of raters/assessors is possible in such trials. What is a hyperactive child? The additional data were described in the 'Characteristics of included studies' table. . Meditation therapy versus standard treatment without drug. However, no trials reported blinding of the raters/assessors. However, any single meditation program will usually use both concentrative and mindfulness together. All outcomes, Quote: "one 9yearold boy left the study because of a change of residence during the 21st week". Positive mantras are useful at any age. To assess the effectiveness of meditation therapies as a treatment for ADHD. If the ICC was not reported it will be assumed to be 0.05 (Higgins 2008). This form of meditation is commonly represented by mindfulnessbased stress reduction programs (KabatZinn 1992). sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Recap. Epstein JN. ", Quote: "there were significant differences between the control and yoga groups on pretest subscale scores on almost all Conners Rating Scales for both parents and teachers. Four studies met the eligibility criteria while 7 studies were put into the excluded studies category. The inclusion of dissertations may mean more balanced results as they are less likely to overestimate treatment effects, as can occur in published trials (McLeod 2004). 2.21M subscribers Subscribe 10K views 5 years ago Mantra for Hyperactive Children || Mantrabalam || Archana || Bhakthi TV Watch Bhakthi TV by Rachana Television. Five broad categories of meditation practice were identified by a group of experts using modified Delphi methodology: mantra meditation (comprising the Transcendental Meditation technique (TM), Relaxation Response (RR) and Clinically Standardized Meditation (CSM)), mindfulness meditation (comprising Vipassana, Zen Buddhist meditation, Mindfulnessbased Stress Reduction (MBSR) and Mindfulnessbased Cognitive Therapy (MBCT)), yoga, Tai Chi and Qi Gong (Ospina 2007)). et al. Swanson JM. Four studies, including 83 participants, are included in this review. All of the included studies had differences in the number of meditation sessions and the amount and quality of home practice, which could affect the treatment effects. The three groups had an equal number of medicated participants. Whilst concentrative meditation emphasizes sustained attention, mindfulness meditation aims to improve selfcontrol and inhibitions to various internal and external stimuli, thereby helping to relieve the core symptoms of ADHD. Kratter 1983 reported that 24 boys participated the study but did not mention the attrition of participants at the end of the study. Children with ADHD have pronounced impairments and can experience enduring adverse effects in their academic performance, vocational success and socialemotional development. Is your child hyperactive? Here is your survival guide - NextGurukul In order to qualify for a diagnosis of ADHD, hyperactiveimpulsive or inattentive symptoms must have presented before the age of seven, with some impairment from the symptoms present in at least two settings (e.g. Each comparison had only one included trial and had continuous outcomes. Combination of different techniques of meditation (physical and mental practice, such as yoga). Ambrosini P, In Haffner 2006 more boys in the yoga group received medication (five of nine) than in the exercise group (three of 11). Astro Remedies For Child Behaviour or for stubborn child is a type of astrological remedies for hyperactive child. We will only undertake subgroup analyses if a sufficient number of studies is identified. In the International Classification of Diseases (ICD10) (WHO 1992) the disorders are defined under the category of 'Hyperkinetic Disorders' and are characterized by early onset, a combination of overactive, poorly modulated behavior with marked inattention and lack of persistent task involvement, pervasiveness across situations and persistence over time (WHO 1992). There are no potential conflict of interest for the other authors. Validated outcome scales rated by parents/teacher, which reflected the core symptoms of ADHD. All the outcomes should be validated and described, including adverse effects. No studies in the included studies carried out an intentiontotreat analysis. Kratter 1983 used the word "Ahnam", a Sanskrit word which means "nameless". Nowadays there are increasing numbers of organizations which use scientificbased, less mystical terms to identify their techniques (Krisanaprakornkit 2006). Physicalbased meditation was used in Jensen 2004 and Haffner 2006. Meditation therapy versus standard treatment without drug (MorettiAltuna 1987). This program consisted of respiratory training, postural training, relaxation training and concentration training and involved a technique called Trataka where participants focused on a word or shape, followed by seeing the image with their eyes closed and continuing to see the image on a blank piece of paper. Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (2010, Issue 1); the Campbell Collaboration SPECTR (C2SPECTR) database to Jan 2010; Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) to Jan 2010; Virtual Health Library (VHL) in BIREME: Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) Specialized Center; LILACS (Latin American Health Sciences Literature) to Jan 2010; PsycINFO (psychological literature) to Feb 2010 week 2; and. Further studies have followed Kratter's trial but many of these have used a beforeafter design which has several methodological limitations. The Best Meditation Strategies for ADHD. Featured Articles Courses Areas of Concern Behaving Communicating Daily Living Feeling Focusing Learning Moving and Sensing Organizing Remembering Socializing Understanding All Resources Cancel Beatty N, Comparison 2 Meditation therapy versus standard treatment without drug, Outcome 2 Distraction test. We will use a sensitivity analysis to test the robustness of effects of assumptions by examining the influence of the following on the results of the statistical analyses: ("meditation"[mh] OR meditation[tw] OR "mindfulnessbased"[tw] OR vipassana[tw] OR Zen[tw] OR yoga[tw] OR yogic[tw] OR pranayama[tw] OR Sudarshan[tw] OR Qigong[tw] OR Qigong [tw] OR "Chi kung "[tw] OR Kundalini[tw] OR ChunDoSunBup[tw] OR Reiki[tw] OR Tai Chi[tw]) AND ( "Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity" [mh] OR "attention deficit/hyperactivity"[tw] OR attention def* [tw] OR ADHD [tw] OR ADD [tw] OR ADDH [tw] OR ADHS [tw] OR hyperactiv*[tw] OR hyperkin*[tw] OR "brain dysfunction"[tw]) AND (randomised controlled trial [pt] OR controlled clinical trial [pt] OR randomised controlled trials[mh] OR random allocation [mh] OR doubleblind method [mh] OR singleblind method [mh] OR clinical trial [pt] OR clinical trials [mh] OR "clinical trial" [tw] OR singl* [tw] OR doubl* [tw] OR trebl* [tw] OR tripl* [tw] OR mask* [tw] OR blind* [tw] OR placebos [mh] OR placebo* [tw] OR random* [tw] OR research design [mh:noexp] OR comparative study [mh] OR evaluation studies [mh] OR followup studies [mh] OR prospective studies [mh] OR control* [tw] OR prospectiv* [tw] OR volunteer* [tw]) NOT (animals [mh] NOT human [mh]). In Kratter 1983 the randomization method was modified to equalize the medicated children evenly between each group. No studies gave details of adverse effects, but this is an important outcome to be considered in every study, especially in trials in children. Mantra meditation was compared to relaxation training and to waiting list controls with drugs. Skewed data for this comparison are shown in Table 7. From the published report, the authors used ANOVA to analyze the treatment effects. Mean age for boys in the yoga group 10.63 years (SD = 1.78 years) and for boys in the control group 9.35 years (SD = 1.70 years). Conners' Parent (CPRSR:L) Teacher (CTRSR:L) Rating Scales Revised: Long (. Egger M, Although historically meditation is associated with religious or spiritual movements, this is no longer always the case. et al. We therefore did not create funnel plots to assess publication bias. In Haffner 2006 five out of nine of the yoga group were medicated while three out of 11 of the control group were medicated. Randomized controlled trials that investigated the efficacy of meditation therapy in children or adults diagnosed with ADHD. Comment: No mention about allocation concealment. Concerning the qualification and skills of the meditation instructors, only Haffner 2006 used a welltrained yoga teacher while in the other three included studies the subjects were taught by the investigators themselves. Mantra to Overcome Hyperactiveness in Children || Mantrabalam || Archana || Bhakthi TVWatch Bhakthi TV by Rachana Television. CAM on PubMed, the website of the Cochrane Complementary and Alternative Health field, the Complementary Medicine Resources for Health Professionals and Researchers, and the Complementary and Alternative Therapies databases of Bandolier. Understand their feelings: Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies 5 Great Ways to Help Hyperactive Kids Learn - ADDitude On occasions they were damaged, stopped recording data, or failed to be activated at set times. Concentrative meditation is best represented in modern medicine by two programs: Transcendental Meditation (TM) which was introduced to the West during 1960s and the 'Relaxation Response' developed subsequently by Benson (Benson 1975). We checked the titles from the preliminary search results and there were 17 potentially relevant studies at this stage. However, there are several ways to manage the behavior of such kids. Hyperactivity means that the physical restlessness is strongly pronounced and clearly exceeds the normal childlike urge to move. The concomitant use of medication should be distributed evenly between comparison groups. Symptoms. Nonpharmacological treatment of ADHD in childhood can be divided into three categories: parent or familyfocused strategies, childdirected interventions and schoolbased interventions (ICSI 2005). Any unpublished information, if used, was recorded and coded with a specific remark. There are many methods which represent meditation in the above definitions, i.e. Effect of Gayatrimantra chanting on cognitive functions in school children Of the 25 who responded, 16 began the trials and completed them. Meditation therapy compared to drug therapy for attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder. A diverse range of items could be chosen as the focal object, for example words, light, colors, geometric forms, ideas etc. Massion AO, An independent diagnostic test for ADHD does not exist, thus the diagnosis of ADHD is clinically based. For crossover designs, we extracted all data but, because of the strong carryover effect of meditation, we used only data from the first phase of study in our analyses. Validity of the Auditory Continuous Performance Test in differentiating central processing auditory disorders with and without ADHD, Validation of a measure for adolescent selfreport of attention deficit disorder symptoms, Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, A Biodevelopmental Approach to Clinical Child Psychology: Cognitive Controls and Cognitive Control Therapy, Yoga Education for Children. Schneider M, Bring your attention to the center of your chest and forehead. All included studies were carried out by different research teams between 1983 and 2006. Adequately trained practitioners who have firsthand experience can easily adapt meditation to the general medical setting (Hassed 1996). Comment: the intervention cannot be blinded. In terms of adverse effects, reports exist suggesting that meditation can cause temporary depersonalization and derealization (Castillo 1990), and there are several reports of a possible association between meditation and psychotic state (ChanOb 1999; French 1975; Lazarus 1976; Walsh 1979). We did not conduct sensitivity analysis due to the limited number of included studies in the review. The monitoring of meditation practice at home in addition to the therapy sessions is a crucial element of adherence. ADHD In DSM-5: Criterion, Updates And Treatment - MantraCare excessive running and climbing, not remaining seated) are less common, and hyperactivity symptoms may be confined to fidgeting or an inner feeling of jitteriness or restlessness. Able S, Hyperactivity is caused by a psychological disorder known as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. South India's first devotional . It is not considered advisable for children to sit for extended lengths of time with closed eyes, which might in any case 'go against the grain' of the active nature of children. After checking the abstracts, we excluded 7 studies that were obviously irrelevant to the review. Only one out of four studies provided data appropriate for analysis. Sakuma A, Behavior assessment system for children (BASC). What is the direction of effect of meditation? Children who are hyperactive may run, jump, and climb more than their peers. Mindbased meditation (mantra meditation) was used in the Kratter 1983 and MorettiAltuna 1987 studies. If the mean is smaller than twice the standard deviation the data is probably skewed (Altman 1996). 2. The effects of interventions are compared in a pairwise manner as follows. These techniques were adapted from the wellknown concentrative meditation developed by Benson 1975 and Carrington 1975, which has some roots in the Hindu religion. Mindfulness meditation emphasizes an open awareness to any contents of the mind that are emerging. Some reports exist which detail the usefulness of meditation for children with ADHD. Krisanaprakornkit T, Cleaning, to be precise. We judged the quality of the evidence by assessing limitations in design, inconsistency, indirectness, imprecision and publication bias. Conners CK, Randomized controlled trials comparing meditation therapy alone or in combination with conventional treatment (consisting of drugs or any other psychological interventions) to i) conventional treatment or ii) no intervention/waiting list control. The quality of evidence was "very low" according to the GRADE classification for 'Teacher rating ADHD overall scale' (see Summary of findings table 2). MorettiAltuna 1987 compared meditation training versus drug therapy versus standard therapy control. The Mindfulnessbased Stress Reduction Program (KabatZinn 1992) has subsequently been researched in ADHD adults and adolescents (Zylowska 2008). Is the effect of meditation consistent across studies? The authors dealt with selective outcome reporting by searching for the original protocols for each included study in trial registries and comparing these (where available) with the list of outcomes in the methods section of the final report. CN: data extraction, quality assessment and statistical analysis. Randomization methods are not mentioned, therefore we cannot assess the adequacy of allocation concealment. Thus, the operational definitions of meditation are the specific techniques of mind training which have two fundamental attentional strategies (Barrows 2002). One study (Peck 2005) was excluded due to the participants not having been diagnosed with ADHD. If you have a hyperactive child, managing them can be challenging and stressful at times. Concentrative meditation involves focusing attention on an object and sustaining attention until the mind achieves stillness. Haffner 2006 and Jensen 2004 did not give details about their settings. The imputation of appropriate effect will be done by using the 'design effect' to calculate effective sample size. They are indeed fast learners than adults. This breaks the habit of thinking "junk thoughts" which are connected to a predominately negative or judgmental inner dialogue. If the ratio is less than 1 there is strong evidence of a skewed distribution (Altman 1996). Children who are hyperactive love to play outdoors a lot. The frequency of visits varied from one session per week (Jensen 2004) to three sessions per week (Haffner 2006; Kratter 1983; MorettiAltuna 1987). As the effects of globalization and the holistic view of health expand, meditation may become more accepted and widely used in the clinical setting. Parents of hyperactive children often face great difficulty in managing their children's behavior. Jensen 2004 reported the number of boys who began the trial (n = 16) but only data for 14 boys were used in analysis. Jensen 2004 also stated that the study had a "randomized crossover design", but only the participants in the control group were allowed to move to the yoga group; the yoga group did not cross over to the control group. Haffner 2006 was carried out in Germany and Jensen 2004 was carried out in Australia. MorettiAltuna 1987 did not give details of randomization methods and we therefore judged the adequacy of randomization and allocation concealment to be 'Unclear'. Disorder severity and chronicity: mild, moderate, severe. Meditation for ADHD has been reviewed as a psychological treatment along with other psychosocial interventions. Although a hyperactive child may look unsteady, with endless energy and a propensity for hopping from one activity to the next, restoring order to their life is not difficult. In Transcendental Meditation, it is recommended that children of five years old meditate twice a day for five minutes at a time and thereafter add one minute for each year of their age until reaching 20minute sessions when aged 20 and above. There were five outcomes which are considered to be the primary outcomes in this review. A mantra practice slowly brings our hyperactive mind down to a place of . In these cases, we will contact the authors of studies will be contacted to obtain intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of their clustered data and adjust by using accepted methods after consulting the Cochrane Developmental, Psychosocial and Learning Problems Group.
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